Visualforce to Word

I've been having lots of fights with Microsoft applications lately.  Perhaps as a web developer, this goes without saying.  I just won a fight getting a Visualforce page to display correctly when converted to a Word file.  I was generating a file of certificates with each certificate on a separate page and a very specific layout that had to be followed. Thought I'd share a few tips on what I learned.

Basics
First off, how to get a Visualforce page to generate as a Word file.  In the "page" tag, include the following:

<apex:page contentType="application/msword#FileName.doc" showHeader="false" standardStylesheets="false">

Page Formatting

• Save a Word doc as HTML
  Not sure how to get the font, border, layout, etc specified in Visualforce to display correctly in Word?  Do it in Word and then save it as an HTML file.  The file it generates is a bit of a beast, but if you scroll down, you'll find <style> tags with Word-specific attributes you can use in <style> tags in Visualforce. You can also copy and paste paragraphs from the html into your Visualforce, though I wouldn't recommend trying to paste the whole file, there's just too much crap (very technical term) in there and Salesforce won't even let you save it the way Word writes the html tags.
  
  For my document, I grabbed these styles to create the following in Visualforce; note the orientation style to set the page as landscape:
  <style>
          @page Section1{
              size:11.0in 8.5in;
              mso-page-orientation:landscape;
              margin:.25in .25in .25in .25in ;
              mso-header-margin:.5in;
              mso-footer-margin:.6in;
          }
          div.Section1
          {
               page:Section1;
          }
          body {
              font-family:"Gotham-Book";
          }
  </style>
  For the style above to work, you'll need to surround your content in Visualforce with: 

<div class="Section1">your content</div>

• Use "in" (inches) for widths to layout the page
  Word is designed to render documents for printing, so widths should be specified in inches (and I'm guessing centimeters for everyone that's abandoned our archaic measuring system).  Just a note that "px" does work in Word (in specific contexts) but if you're trying to fit something to a page like a border that goes around everything, save yourself the trouble and just do it in inches.
• Use "pt" for font sizes
  Setting the font size using style="font-size:12pt;" in VF is the equivalent of selecting 12 for the font size in Word.
• Margin instead of Padding Padding wasn't doing the trick to space out lines of text but margin works.  Here's a sample:

<p style="font-size:22.0pt;font-family:Gotham-Medium;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;">
                Some text here
</p>
• Page breaks
  Wherever you want a page break, insert this:
  
  <br clear="all" style="mso-special-character:line-break;page-break-before:always;"/>
  
  Note that I tried using "page-break-before:always;" as the style for a div and that was a no go, Word wants it in a break or paragraph tag.

Including Images

• Don't use a secure URL (https) as the image URL
  I came across forum posts where people were able to successfully use the secure Salesforce URL (i.e. https://na2.salesforce.com/...) to link to images in Word, so my guess is that this varies based on the version of Word you have.  I have Word 2007 and the images would not display until I switched to a non-secure URL, which I did using Salesforce Sites.  It's probably a good idea to do this even if the secure URL works for you because it may not work for others.  
• Use the full URL
  If your image is stored in Salesforce Documents, you can generate that URL like this:
  http://yourdomain.force.com/servlet/servlet.ImageServer?id=015D0000000Dpwc&oid=00DD0000000FJbGyourdomain = 
  Your Salesforce Sites domain
  id= The Id of the Document
  oid= Your Organization Id, which you can find in Setup in Company Information
  
  You can also store the image as a Static Resource and link to it that way.

Exclude "Visualforce" from your web searches

Still need help formatting your Visualforce page for Word? When it comes to figuring out formatting in Word, Google (as is often the case) is your friend and no doubt how you arrived here, but don't limit your searches by including "Visualforce" in the search terms. People use html to generate Word files in other languages, and some of the best tips I found were on PHP and ASP forums.